ENGINEERS CENTER

Welcome to our IIT TUTORIAL BLOG www.iitcenter.blogspot.in We’re here to help keep you up-to-date on world techs and quiz, get you involved with the causes you care about and connect you to other young people across the country. Our site offers videos on a range of topics, and information to help you develop both technical and practical skills and get ready for live events taking place place at or around you. You can watch our videos at any time and at anywhere.

Tuesday, 29 November 2016

Drinking Water Supply and Treatment System

Wednesday, 19 October 2016

what is deluge system and its working principle

DELUGE VALVE WORKING PRINCIPLE

Friday, 16 September 2016

FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM

Thursday, 28 July 2016

Learn Electrical Wiring Work Part 02 - ENGINEERS CENTER

The Basics of Panelboards

It's easy to make mistakes when installing and wiring a lighting and appliance panelboard. Let's look at some basics that apply to its installation. You can use this article as an abbreviated checklist to keep the electrical inspector from citing your installation.

• Short-circuit rating of bus and overcurrent devices. Apply interrupting ratings to branch-circuit and main circuit breakers and fuses. This minimizes excessive movement (deflection) and overheating (hot gas/shock wave formation) of conductive parts and prevents damage to adjacent insulating materials. (NEC Sec. 110-10).

• "Slash" voltage ratings. Watch for multipole, molded-case circuit breakers rated "120/240V" or "480Y/277V" compared to "240V" or "480V." Usually, the Code does not permit applying "slash" ratings to ungrounded, resistance-grounded, or grounded-delta systems. (Secs. 100, 110-9, 240-85).

• Bus overcurrent protection/main lugs only (MLO) versus integral molded-case circuit breaker or fusible switch. Do you have an upstream overcurrent device or disconnecting means? If so, then determine whether you need a panelboard with these components integral to the board. If you are feeding the panelboard from "tap" conductors, then you usually must install an external-fused switch or circuit breaker upstream of the MLO panelboard. (Secs. 215-3, 240-21, 384-14, 384-16)

• Attached insulated-conductor temperature rating. When determining conductor ampacity, use the temperature column that matches the temperature rating of the weakest (lowest temperature) connected termination, conductor, or device in the circuit. That is, if you have 60C lugs, don't use the 75C ampacity tables for your conductors. You can use conductors whose temperature ratings exceed those of other components for ampacity adjustment. And, there are limits to ampacity/temperature ratings when you go beyond 100A. Be sure to review the Code's extensive instructions on this. (Sec. 110-14(c), Table 310-16).

• Main breaker feed direction. Does your panel main circuit breaker come with an interchangeable trip mechanism? If so, then terminate incoming cable only to the line side of the breaker. This limits a degree of shock/flash hazard during service or replacement of the trip unit.

• Bolted versus "stab" bus-to-MCCB pole connections. When you have a bolted connection, each ungrounded (phase) overcurrent-device pole secures to the panel bus by a machine screw; as opposed to a spring-clip-type conductor. Make sure you have the right breaker before getting started!

• Main bonding jumper (install or not?) The main bonding jumper gives you "system grounding." If a transformer is immediately upstream of the panelboard, you must bond the neutral bus or neutral conductor to the panel enclosu re and to a (bare) grounding-electrode conductor. Generally, exceptions are for ungrounded service, like 480V, 3-phase, 3-wire service, and some 2-wire control circuits under special conditions. For most feeders serving this installation, like 120/240V, 3-wire, or 4-wire 208Y/120V and 480Y/277V circuits, you must keep the two electrically separate. You can place the bonding jumper in the transformer enclosure or panelboard. (Sec. 250).

• Concentric knockouts versus field-cut openings/51/2-in.-deep enclosures.Don't depend on concentric knockout rings (or reducing washers) to give you adequate grounding continuity. The Code requires bonding jumpers around them over 150V. If you have several enclosure openings, all those jumpers can be a headache. Specifying panelboards furnished "without knockouts" or "with blank-end walls" can eliminate this concern; while cutting conduit openings at the installation site eliminates these problems. Generally, panelboard enclosures 51/2 in. deep or more are available without factory knockouts. (Sec. 250).

Learn Electrical Wiring Work Part 01 - ENGINEERS CENTER

What is Current? Types of Current Flow.

What is CURRENT?

The flow of free electrons in the same general direction from atom to atom is referred to as current and it is measured in amperes (“amps” or “A”). The number of electrons that flow through a conductor’s cross-section in one second determines amps. Current can be expressed in a number of different ways, such as:

Quantity Symbol Decimal

1 milliampere 1 mA 1/1000 A
1 ampere 1 A or 1 amp 1 ampere
1 kiloampere 1 kA 1000 amperes

When discussing current, the direction of current flow needs to be considered. There are two different theories about this: · Conventional Flow · Electron Flow

Conventional Flow: This theory states that electrons flow from positive to negative. Benjamin Franklin theorized this when very little was known about electricity. It states that an invisible fluid known as electricity tended to flow through a wire from the positive to the negative. Ben’s theory became the convention (hence the term “conventional current”) in electrical theory, mathematics, textbooks and electrical equipment for the next hundred years.

Electron Flow: This theory states that electrons flow from negative to positive. When more was known about the behavior of electrons, scientists discovered that electrons actually flow from negative to positive. Since electrons are negatively charged, it follows that they are attracted by positively charged bodies and repelled by negatively charged bodies.

Despite the fact that it has been positively determined that electron flow is the correct theory, the conventional flow theory still dominates the industry. Either theory can be used as long as the orientations are correct. Conventional flow will be used from this point on in these training modules unless otherwise stated.

How to Read HVAC Drawings and Symbols - ENGINEERS CENTER

How to Read HVAC Schematic Drawings - ENGINEERS CENTER

Wednesday, 27 July 2016

HVAC Ducting Part 1 - ENGINEERS CENTER

Tuesday, 26 July 2016

How to Troubleshoot a Gas Furnace - ENGINEERS CENTER

Saturday, 23 July 2016

HVAC BASICS 02 - ENGINEERS CENTER

HVAC BASICS 01 - ENGINEERS CENTER

Friday, 22 July 2016

Electrical Engineering Passive Components 03 - ENGINEERS CENTER

Electrical Engineering Passive Components 03 - ENGINEERS CENTER

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Electrical Engineering Passive Components 02 - ENGINEERS CENTER

Electrical Engineering Passive Components 02 - ENGINEERS CENTER

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Electrical Engineering Passive Components 01 - ENGINEERS CENTER

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Thursday, 21 July 2016

Selection of Air Conditioning Systems 03 - ENGINEERS CENTER

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Selection of Air Conditioning Systems 02 - ENGINEERS CENTER

Selection of Air Conditioning Systems 03 - ENGINEERS CENTER

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Selection of Air Conditioning Systems 01 - ENGINEERS CENTER

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Tuesday, 19 July 2016

Temperature Difference

According to Newton's Law of Cooling heat transfer rate is related to the instantaneous temperature difference between hot and cold media

- In a heat transfer process the temperature difference vary with position and time Mean Temperature Difference.

- The mean temperature difference in a heat transfer process depends on the direction of fluid flows involved in the process. The primary and secondary fluid in an heat exchanger process may

- flow in the same direction - parallel flow or co-current flow
- in the opposite direction - counter-current flow or
- perpendicular to each other - cross flow

Cooling and Heat Load Calculations Lecture 03 - ENGINEERS CENTER

Cooling & Heat Load Calculations Lecture 03 - ENGINEERS CENTER

Cooling & Heat Load Calculations Lecture 02 - ENGINEERS CENTER

Cooling & Heat Load Calculations Lecture 02 - ENGINEERS CENTER

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Cooling & Heat Load Calculations Lecture 01 - ENGINEERS CENTER

Cooling & Heat Load Calculations Lecture 01 - ENGINEERS CENTER

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Cooling & Heat Load Calculations Lecture 09 - ENGINEERS CENTER

Cooling & Heat Load Calculations Lecture 09 - ENGINEERS CENTER

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Cooling & Heat Load Calculations Lecture 08 - ENGINEERS CENTER

Cooling & Heat Load Calculations Lecture 08 - ENGINEERS CENTER

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Cooling and Heat Load Calculations Lecture 07 - ENGINEERS CENTER

Monday, 18 July 2016

Refrigerants Lecture 03 - ENGINEERS CENTER

Refrigerants Lecture 03 - ENGINEERS CENTER

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Refrigerants Lecture 02 - ENGINEERS CENTER

Refrigerants Lecture 02 - ENGINEERS CENTER

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Refrigerants Lecture 01 - ENGINEERS CENTER

Refrigerants Lecture 01 - ENGINEERS CENTER

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Saturday, 16 July 2016

Air Conditioning Systems 03 - ENGINEERS CENTER

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Air Conditioning Systems 02 - ENGINEERS CENTER

Air Conditioning Systems 01 - ENGINEERS CENTER

Air Conditioning Systems lecture 01 by Engineers Center.

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Wednesday, 6 July 2016

Robots Learning Salsa

Saturday, 2 July 2016

Should Salman Khan Apologise For Rape Remark?????

Saturday, 25 June 2016

Worked Examples of R & AC Part 03

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Worked Examples of R & AC Part 03

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Worked Examples of R & AC Part 02

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Worked Examples of R & AC Part 01

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Wednesday, 22 June 2016

India Launches 20 satellites in 26 minutes

India launches 20 satellites in 26 minutes

In a record launch, Indian space agency ISRO plans to orbit 20 satellites in a 26 minute flight today at 9.25 am from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Andhra Pradesh's Sriharikota.

India has successfully launched 20 satellites in a single mission, the most in the history of the country's ambitious space programme.

They include satellites belonging to the United States, Canada, Germany and Indonesia.

The launch took place from the Sriharikota space centre off India's east coast.

Observers say it is a sign that India is emerging as a major player in the multi-billion dollar space market.

The record for the most number of satellites launched in a single mission belongs to Russia, which sent up 37 satellites in 2014. The US space agency Nasa launched 29.

As Indian scientists and government ministers kept a close watch, the rocket carrying 20 satellites blasted off from the launch facility in Andhra Pradesh state.

The payload included devices ranging in weight from more than 700kg to as little as 1.5kg.

They include an Indian cartographic satellite as well as those belonging to the country's universities and international customers - 13 satellites are from the US, including one made by a Google-owned company.

It was the most satellites India has put in space at one go, though Russia set the record of 37 for a single launch in 2014.

Most of the satellites will enter orbit to observe and measure the Earth's atmosphere, while another aims to provide service for amateur radio operators.

"Each of these small objects that you are putting into space will carry out their own activity, which is independent of the other, and each of them will live a wonderful life for a finite period," Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) chairman A.S Kiran Kumar told NDTV, who described this morning's exercise as "a job well done."

The business of putting commercial satellites into space for a fee is growing as phone, Internet and other companies as well as countries seek greater and more high-tech communications.

India is competing with other international players for a greater share of that launch market, and is known for its low-cost space programme.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi hailed the 20-satellite record as a "monumental accomplishment", tweeting that "our space programme has time and again shown the transformative potential of science & technology in people's lives."

Last month India successfully launched its first mini space shuttle as it joined the global race to make reusable rockets.

The shuttle was reportedly developed on a budget of just one billion rupees ($14 million), a fraction of the billions of dollars spent by other nations' space programmes.

India in 2013 sent an unmanned rocket to orbit Mars at a cost of just $73 million, compared with NASA's Maven Mars mission which had a $671 million price tag.

Ramzan Special Haleem

Ramzan Special Haleem video made my hyderabadi guys...

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Tuesday, 21 June 2016

Worlds Highest Cable Railway

Bolivia launches world's highest cable railway:

Bolivian President Evo Morales inaugurated Friday the first segment of the world's highest cable railway line, carrying passengers from city to city at up to 4,000 meters (13,000 feet) above sea level

Worlds Longest Tunnel

Seventeen years of Swiss engineering equals the Gotthard base tunnel - now the world's largest rail tunnel. As Grace Pascoe reports, the tunnel aims to shorten travel times

Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System by Prof M Ramgopal PART 50 - ENGI...

Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Prof M Ramgopal PART 50 - ENGINEERS CENTER, who is an expert from IIT

VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS (VARS)

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BY ENGINEERS CENTER

REF: IIT

Safety at construction sites using LED Technology

Safety at construction sites using LED Technology:

A safety monitoring method called On-Site Visualization has been implemented in metro system construction sites in Jakarta, Indonesia as part of a Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) project. The technology was developed by Professor AKUTAGAWA Shinichi (Kobe University Graduate School of Engineering).

On-Site Visualization (OSV), as its name suggests,https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnUSWf-V_6RaOqty_SM4U2Q is a real-time data processing technology used to check safety levels at construction sites. A device with built-in LEDs is attached to walls and pillars at the building site and measures any irregularities or tilting. The LEDs light up like traffic lights to indicate the danger level with different colors: blue for "no irregularities," and yellow and red for "danger of collapse." This clear method of representation is important in countries with low literacy rates.

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The JICA project, titled "Economic and Social Development Support in Developing Countries through Partnerships with the Private Sector" had participants from multiple private organizations in the OSV Consortium (an industry-academic collaborative group that promotes use of OSV technology). Professor Akutagawa oversaw the technology use. The teams monitored safety levels using OSV for a fixed period at three metro system building sites in the center of Jakarta (two stations in the city center and an elevated track in the south). Following this, they held a seminar presenting the results of the implementation. The project was evaluated highly by the head of construction at Jakarta MRT, who stated that "We can now expect higher standards of safety management."
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In many developing countries, an increase in public works is accompanied by a sharp rise in the number of accidents, and there is a growing need for safety monitoring. "I want to build a human network that combines know-how from different fields to improve levels of safety and security" commented Professor Akutagawa.

Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System by Prof M Ramgopal PART 49 - ENGI...

Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Prof M Ramgopal PART 49 - ENGINEERS CENTER, who is an expert from IIT

VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS (VARS)

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BY ENGINEERS CENTER

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Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System by Prof M Ramgopal PART 48 - ENGI...

Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Prof M Ramgopal PART 48 - ENGINEERS CENTER, who is an expert from IIT

VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS (VARS)

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BY ENGINEERS CENTER

REF: IIT

Saturday, 18 June 2016

Chilled Water Pumps working

Primary/Secondary Chilled Water Pumps:

The secondary chilled water pump (SCHWP) sets will be controlled through VFD drives to maintain the desired system differential pressure. A minimum of 3 differential pressure transducers will be connected to the DDC controllershttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnUSWf-V_6RaOqty_SM4U2Q of the chilled water system and these shall be used for pump speed control. The differential pressure transducers shall be placed at approximately 2/3 distance on all main sub-branches and on the index run of the Chilled Water network.www.iitcenter.blogspot.in

The chilled water pump arrangement shallhttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnUSWf-V_6RaOqty_SM4U2Q operate as 2 No duty, 1 No standby. Each pump shall be of variable volume type driven via a variable frequency drive, controlled via differential pressure measurement (the sensors shall be located approximately 2/3 of the index circuit) and the operation and controls shall be by the BMS. All cooling equipment shall be provided with 2-port pressure independent control valves for the control of chilled water flow.www.mepsite.blogspot.in

When the pumps are signaled to start, the lead pump shall start first and a frequency inverter shall vary the speed of this duty pump dependinghttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnUSWf-V_6RaOqty_SM4U2Q on the differential pressure in the pipe work network. Differential Pressure in the supply and return chilled water pipe work shall be installed in the index run of each circuit approximately two thirds of the hydraulic distance from the pumps. The exact location of the pressure sensors shall be finalised in accordance with the recommendation of the controls manufacturer. When the chilled water 2-port valves on each AHU/FCU start to open due to increasing load, the differential pressure detector shall send a signal to the BMS, which in turn shall control the VFD on the CHW pumps to maintain the set differential pressure in the pipe work, thus increasing the CHW flow in the circuit.www.mepsite.blogspot.in

In the event the lead pump reaches 90% of its maximum speed, its speed increase shall be arrested and the 2nd pump shall start and its speed shall increase until the differential pressure set point is met. Once met the lead pump’s speed shall reduce and the lag pump’s speed shall increase until both pumps have the same speed and are maintaining the differential pressure. From then on the speed of both pumps shall be the same.

When the chilled water demand has reducedhttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnUSWf-V_6RaOqty_SM4U2Q to the extent that the duty pumps are operating at less than 40% (say) of their capacity, one of the duty pumps shall be switched off automatically and the other pump shall increase in speed to maintain the set pressure.

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The above description is for two chilled water pumps operating in sequence. For three pumps, the sequence is similar except the changeover duty should be matched accordingly.

There shall be water flow proving differential pressure switch across each of the pumps. In the event there is no water flow detected across the pump or an inverter alarm after a predetermined time delay after the pump has started, or during the operation of the pump, the BMS shall changeover to the stand-by pump and annunciate an alarm.www.iitcenter.blogspot.in

The BMS shall also monitor the MCC Trip Alarm, Auto Status, VFD Command, Feedback and Pump run status via DPS.

The actual duties at which lead/lag pumps are energised or de-energised shall be determined during the commissioning stage by the controls specialist.

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The position of the HOA switches shall be monitored by the BMS and an alarm shall be annunciated on the BMS if any of the switches are not in the normal operating position. Chilled water pump ‘Run’ and ‘Trip’ indication lights shall be provided on the MCC for each pump. Hours run meters shall be provided for all chilled water pumps at the respective MCC.

A graphical representation of the plant will be produced with all set points, alarms and time schedules displayed with simple mouse clicks. Access to the graphic will be through a system of site plans, plantrooms and systems.https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnUSWf-V_6RaOqty_SM4U2Q

All values are to be historically recorded at controller level so that locally any laptop or Portable operator’s terminal may retrieve the data as well as the network BMS Supervisor.

Types of Valves Used..

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What are Deluge Valves?

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Deluge Valves are used in conditions that call for quick application of large volumes of water and, for that reason, are often integral components in fire https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnUSWf-V_6RaOqty_SM4U2Qprotection systems. In this article, PIF explain how deluge valves work, what their advantages and disadvantages are, and where you can lay your hands on one. - http://mepsite.blogspot.in/
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Deluge systems deliveriitcenter.blogspot.in large quantities of water, over a large area, in a relatively short period of time. They are commonly used in fixed fire protection systems whose pipe system is empty until the deluge valve distributes pressurized water from open nozzles or sprinklers.

Deluge systems contain more components and equipment than wet pipe and dry systems. So for that matter they are more complex. Detection systems can include heat, smoke, ultraviolet (UV), or infrared (IR).

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Applications for Deluge Valves:

Deluge systems are used in conditions that require quick application of large volumes of water. They create a ‘buffer zone’ in hazardous areashttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnUSWf-V_6RaOqty_SM4U2Q or in areas where fires can spread rapidly. They can also be used to cool surfaces to prevent deformation or structural collapse. Or to protect tanks, transformers, or process lines from explosion.

Other examples include: tanks containing combustible solutions; equipment pits; storage or process areas containing substances with a low flash point; or product handling systems.

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Advantages and disadvantages of Deluge Valves:

Advantages:

Less expensive than other methods,
Uses water for extinguishing.

Disadvantages:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnUSWf-V_6RaOqty_SM4U2Q

Can damage sensitive or electronic equipment,
Longer clean-up time than powder and gas systems,http://mepsite.blogspot.in/
Requires a large water reservoir to operate.

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Friday, 17 June 2016

Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Prof M Ramgopal PART 47 - ENGINEERS CENTER

Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Prof M Ramgopal PART 47 - ENGINEERS CENTER, who is an expert from IIT

VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS (VARS)

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Thursday, 16 June 2016

Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Prof M Ramgopal PART 46 - ENGINEERS ...

Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Prof M Ramgopal PART 46 - ENGINEERS CENTER, who is an expert from IIT

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Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Prof M Ramgopal PART 45 - ENGINEERS ...

Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Prof M Ramgopal PART 45 - ENGINEERS CENTER, who is an expert from IIT

VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS (VARS)

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Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Prof M Ramgopal PART 44 - ENGINEERS ...

Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Prof M Ramgopal PART 44 - ENGINEERS CENTER, who is an expert from IIT

VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS (VARS)

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Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Prof M Ramgopal PART 43 - ENGINEERS ...

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Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Prof M Ramgopal PART 43 - ENGINEERS CENTER, who is an expert from IIT

VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS (VARS)

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