According to Newton's Law of Cooling heat transfer rate is related to the instantaneous temperature difference between hot and cold media
- In a heat transfer process the temperature difference vary with position and time Mean Temperature Difference.
- The mean temperature difference in a heat transfer process depends on the direction of fluid flows involved in the process. The primary and secondary fluid in an heat exchanger process may
- flow in the same direction - parallel flow or co-current flow
- in the opposite direction - counter-current flow or
- perpendicular to each other - cross flow
- in the opposite direction - counter-current flow or
- perpendicular to each other - cross flow
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